Plant division

Charophyceans
Algae released their eggs and sperm cells into the water where they could meet and form tough little capsules called zoospores.They provide oxygen under water and is a food source for fishes and other organisms under water. It is grown in the ocean, in the pond, lake any body of water. 

bryophytes:
Mosses, they are formed in forests, jungles, or any place that is open to other plants. They mainly grow on another plant such as a tree or rocks. The zygote grows into a structure that makes spores, and the tiny spores float away in the air.

 pteridophytes:
These are ferns, they grow just about anywhere like the mosses, but their surrounding has to have other plants as well. They develop vascular systems and their zygote grows into a structure that makes spores, and the tiny spores float away in the air.

 gymnosperms:
They are pine trees, they grow very tall and have this distinctive scent to them. Their seeds are called pine cones. In it are pine nuts that can be consumed or be planted again to grow these gymnosperms. They can survive drought and are well adapted to land. They are also known as naked seeds.

The Lives of a cell

 Take one of the three articles given to you. Do you agree or disagree with the author? Use the text to support your argument.
The Lives of a Cell.
I do agree with the author on "The Lives of The Cell". Everything in the world all works together to bring a cell together. It does not control the cell alone the job is spread out evenly. The humans of Earth are everywhere they are not accumulated at one single spot. They are everywhere. Such as everything that is in the cell, it is here and there. Such as the mitochrondria and the nucleus, it is not really at any particular area. It has it's own job and own place to be. This can be supported through a quote from his book. "Uniformity of the earth's life, more astonishing then its diversity, is accountable by the high probability that we derived, originally, from some single cell, fertilized in a bolt of lightning as the earth cooled". Everyone is created the same, from the mother's womb,it is then raised and it becomes something that can grow up. Like a cell under going mitosis, it grows and eventually splits to create more cells that can mature and act together to help the human body. 

What I thought was interesting from Time, Love, Memory

I was surprised that with such a simple experiment, Seymour Benzer is able to win a nobel prize. His experiemnt with the fruit flys really did prove that the traits can be dominant and recessive. The method he used was mating the flies. One fly had dominate chracteristics such as a bigger wing or what not. Once they are crossed, their offsprings are crossed further to get a genetic mutation. He does this over and over again till one day he is able to cross the offsprings to form a fly with white eyes. He also attempted to discover which flies liked the light and which didn't. He placed the flies in a jar that has 2 ends. One end has light and the other end is dark. The flies then can choose which side they like better. After about 5 minutes, the flies are accustomed to their environment and would then realize that there is a dark side and a lighter side. Thus, this is the method to separate the light lovers and the dark lovers. Towards the end, there was a fly that seem to stay at the dark side. However, it then gradually moved to the light side. There are many factors that can affect such a thing.


Another experiment that was shocking to me was when a scientist cut open the brain of a cat and severed their corpus collasm. The cat was still able to live normally. However, the change was in when the cat looked at something it would not react like it would in the past. The cat is not able to speak when he's supposed to and what not. Because the left side controls speech and the right side controls movement. If his right eye is looking at something only he would not really react, whereas he would normally. They also dissected a frog's brain and to find out that it's similar to humans. The corpus collusm was thought to be useless however, it is not useless. It connects the right side and left side of the brain together. Once it is severed they are no longer connected and each hemisphere would not be able to communicate with the other, thus having different types of functions.

Cell Poem

A cell is very small in size
Surrounded by others that formalize.
Osmosis maintains the passage way among the walls
That keeps it from crowding and calling.
The nucleus is the master of this world.
Although the mitochondria is the power house
It is not the only main controlling tool that can make a rouse.
All work together to function properly
To satisfy the life of the cell
And have it live happily.

cell diversity Wordle

A virus is a microscopic parasite that uses the host to further develop themselves and reproduce. It requires the lytic or lysogenic cycle for reproduction depending on which kind of virus they are. They would infect a bacteria and use foreign genes to create something that can be deadlier than the yellow fever. When a virus infects a bacteria it is known as bacteriophages. They are only capable of infecting a limited amount of cells, it is up to the infected cells to spread and reproduce on its own. It is reproduced rapidly and can be airborne as a it spreads. Bacteria produce by conjunction, which uses the cell-to-cell method of transferring and reproducing. Their genetics are joined together temporarily to produce even more bacteria. A bacteria can be as deadly as a virus if properly taken cared of. It will manifest into something called a virus. There are many viruses in this world, the most commonly known is AIDS there is currently no cure for it and it is very deadly and many people are afraid of it. Most are skeptical and believe that it is contagious. It is only contagious through blood stream and bodily fluids such as sexual acts. However, not by drinking from the same cup. Moving on is the fungi, it is a decomposers and it absorbs the nutrients of its surroundings. It breaks down complex molecules to simpler ones and a mushroom is a fungi. The mycellium in the fungi is its digestion center. It also reproduces using its spores and basidia. It is an edible fungi that benefits and can be bad as well. Thus there are various ones.

Cellular Metabolism wordle

In this unit, we learn about metabolism cellular respiration, plants, energy, and how they all work together to create something that is scientific base. Metabolism is where an organism stores energy so that it can be used to digest food or other resources of an organism. Catabolic pathways plays a role in this it, it helps plants undergo cellular respiration so that it can get acquire food. Plants are a necessity in this world, without it, animals will cease to exist. Many animals are smart enough to know that everything on earth is only temporary it will end one day, one way. Thus, it uses energy wisely and it stores it so that it can be used over a long period of time. For instance, the 1st law of thermodynamic states that energy is always constant and that it is an endless cycle, neither used up or destroyed. Another instance is that bacteria in the soil uses energy to break out substances and later plants will obtain the nutrients from the soil and used it for themselves with the help of the sun it will create a plant. When the plant sprouts, a herbivore will come and eat it thus the energy is then transferred to the cow. The cow is later consumed by a carnivore and the energy is then transferred to them. With a gradual cycle, the carnivore will die and the energy is then transferred back into mother Earth. Metabolism is a key ingredient in life, it is very versatile on its own because it cannot be controlled but it can adjust to the human body by itself.

Exemplars of each phyla of protozoa

 Find exemplars of each phyla of protozoa. Get their picture and label them. Also describe their differences and unique structures.


Sporozoans
They are from spores which are from fungi, and they are able to survive in extreme conditions. Many protozoans are sporozoans. An example is the Malaria disease which originated in Africa.

Ciliates
They use their short bristles attached to their body called cilia to swim through a body of water. One of the best known is paramecium. 

Amoebas


They move using their extension of their cell membrane(pseudopods). They do not have cilia which are bristles attached to their bodies like Ciliates. They have this special spine that is covered in shells that allow themselves to catch prey. 

Flagellates
They move through a body of water using their long cilia which are also known as flagellas. They were classified as green algae because of their color and because they are mostly found in ponds with other bacteria. They have thick membrane (dinoflagellates) and are not protozoa but plant cells. 

sources:
6th edition, Campbell.