Nephron BOW

Nephrons are the basic structure of kidneys. The bowman's capsule is a cup shape that has a double membrane surrounding the glomerulus. It's function is to filer our bodily fluids. Such as wastes, sodium, and water. To do so, blood is taken into the bowman's capsule and is passed to the glomerulus and out through the efferent arteriole. The waste is passed out into the promixal convoluted tubule. The glomerulus is the main filter. It is a mass of tubes and is semipremeable. Allowing fluids to pass through such as blood. It is then returned to the medullary plexus and into the intraloblular vein. Hydroastatic skeletons are surrounded by muscles, they are found in cold blooded organisms and also animals that have fluid filled cavity known as the coelom.

http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Urinary/Urinary_System_Nephron_Diagram.php

Invertebrate Comparison BOW

Squid
Physical features:
- mouth is enclosed by 5 tentacles.
-has the biggest eye in animal kingdom; 11+ inches in diameter.
- has a cone like shape to its body
-mollusks

Systems:
-circulatory system is closed and has 3 hearts
-digests through mouth and excretes feces into the stomach.
-utilizes tentacles to eat
-excretes feces from the anus, and monomers are absorbed by the tissue

Crab

physical features:

-has swimmerets that are soft and flexible

-hard shell cover, with patterns on it

-has 4-6 front teeth next to its 2 black beady eyes

-callinectes 

-changes color in very high temperature

-2 giant very powerful claws in front

-2 swimmerets

-6 sharp legs in between

Systems: 

-has gills on the lateral bronchial chambers

-excretory system is located within the hard shell on its back, it is green/grey

and tastes really bitter

--males are slender and not as big

-females are round and big

-female's abdomen differs in size as they grow, a mature one is round 

Crayfish: 

physical features: 

-2 long antennas that feel around

-eyes are sensitive to light

-usually very gritty b.c of their living environment

-small, the length of a finger

-2 eyes are located at the base of its antennas

-do not have cones but can see images 

-tail is segmented and is a dark red hue

Systems: 

-excretory, respiratory, digestive, circulatory and reproductive systems 

are located below the carapace.

-The foregut has a set of teeth that can grind food

-excretes waste in the branchial chambers 

the cephalothrax are in the respiratory system. 

Intelligence BOW

Everyone has intelligence, it differs from each individual to the next. Everyone wishes to be more intelligent to the other person but sometimes it doesn't work that way. It is an innate quality and we are all intelligent in one field of specialty whereas, the next individual is not. Thus, there are various forms of intelligence. This helps us think and it shapes our life. Some believe it is from culture and some believes that you are naturally intelligent. Or you are just a person who works really hard. I too wish to be as intelligent as my fellow classmates, in sports and in school. But that doesn't work. We don't always get what we wish for. We can do things that can make us a little better at particular section, but we can't be as smart as we would like to. I realized that learning and studying with peers help me. I learn better when a peer explains to me the content rather than learning from lecture or whatin class. Everyone is different and I realized that working in groups help me a lot, though not with projects, just with review and studying.

Starfish BOW

describe a starfish in terms of symmetry, germ cell layers, coelem, Circulatory system, reproduction, feeding, excretion and nervous system. Find picture examples of each living class Crinoidea, Ophiocistioidea, Astroidea, Echinoiudea and Holothuidea.

Echinomdermeta is commonly known as starfish, they are phylum of invertabrates. Their unique shape are very distinctive in that it helps us identify them. A starfish has 5 rayed symmetry and is mostly radial. The body contains two cell layers. The coelem or body cavity has a circulatory system that is not closed. The legs has holes twhere the water vascular system help it reproduce sexually. The starfish feeds from very fine organisms and food from the water such as algae and other small fish. They have a nervous system that includes a circum-oesophageal ring but no excretory organs.

 Crinoidea

Ophiocistioidea

Astroidea

Echinoiudea

Holothuidea

Genome entry #6 Sex

Genetic diseases affect the genes in that it will cause a mutation and a disease will formulate. The Prader-willi syndrome and the angelman's syndrome are caused by the lack of chromosome 15. Furthermore, it has been proven that the only way to get it is if your parent has a mutation and it can be inherited. Prader-willi is from the father and angelman's from the mother. Placenta in the womb is controlled by paternal genes and has invade the others womb and gives resources to the child. Imprinting controls the mothers genes and it controls the development of the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus. We inherit our mothers way of thinking and our fathers mood. Also gender roles are controlled by the genome rather than environmental situations around the person. Cloning apparently gets rid of all imprints of an organism and so that that organism can survive longer.