Comparison of C3, C4, CAM

C3: Are normal plants. They tend to take in CO2 and release O2 into the atmosphere. Their Stomatas can be open and let in CO2 easily if they have enough water. These plants thrive in cool, wet climates, and thus go through the light and dark cycle fairly well. They make up about 93% of Earth's plants population.
C4:Are plants that thrive in moderate daytime weather.The process separates C3 and C4 pathways to different part of the leaf. They open their stomata during the daytime. (The process first sends the CO2 into the Mesophyll cell then sends it off to the Rubisco). The CO2 is first incorporated into a four Carbon compound. C4 uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme that is involved with the uptake of CO2.This helps the plant take CO2 into the plant easier and delivers it to the Rubisco for the photosynthesis.
CAM: Are plants that take in CO2 through the stomata at night. It then joins with PEP to form a 4 carbon oxalacetic acid. Then converted into a 4 carbon malic acid that stores up and builds during the night. The stomata closes when morning arrives to conserve moisture. The malic acid is broken down to be released as CO2. Then transitions to the Calvin Cycle. Thus allowing these plants to thrive in intense hot climate. With poor soil moisture. Ex.) Cacti


pictures:
http://www.citruscollege.edu/lc/archive/biology/PublishingImages/c06_14.jpg
http://www.theresilientearth.com/files/images/c3_c4_cam_plants.jpg
http://plantcellbiology.masters.grkraj.org/html/Plant_Cell_Biochemistry_And_Metabolism6-Plant_Cell_Energy_transductions2-Photosynthesis_files/image065.jpg

What I learned about macro molecules

Five things I've learned:

1. Macromolecules are polymers, they are disassembled to moners by hydrolysis. It is basically the reverse of the dehydration process.
2.A method of classifying sugars is the size of the carbon skeleton. It can range from three to seven carbons long. Glucose and fructose have six carbons which are called hexoses.
3.Polysaccharides are macromolecules. They have a few hundreds to thousands of monosacchrides that join together by glycosidic linkage.
4.Plants use starch as a storage polysaccharide. By doing so they can store up surpluses of glucose. Starch means store energy and it then translate to major cellular fuel.
5.Animals have enzymes that store starch for us and thus making starch nutrients for our cells.


pictures:
http://www.chem.ucsb.edu/~kalju/chem110L/public/tutorial/images/b_dna_ray.png
http://olenka.med.virginia.edu/CrystUVa/images/research_02.png
http://bealbio.wikispaces.com/file/view/disaccharides.JPG/111083935/disaccharides.JPG

Biochemistry Wordle

Biochemistry is the study of chemistry in life. Water is known as the universal solvent in the science field. It plays an important role is solutions. It is called the universal solvent because  anything can be dissolved when it comes in contact with this solvent. Water is non polar, thus it can be used in a large variety of things. In some solutions, the solution is polar. In chemistry, there are protons and electrons as well as neutrons. It forms an atom with a nucleus. These protons are positive, the electrons are negative. The Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus. Whereas, the electrons create somewhat of a cloud that surrounds the nucleus and forms an atom.Monossacharides are the basic elements of carbohydrates. They are are known as glucose. The ones that are used by the body are glucose, fructose, galactose, mantose, and tagatose. In chemistry there are polymers. These are basically long chains of connected monomers that make up molecules.

Ecology Wordle

Learning is very important in Ecology. It plays an important part in associative learning. For example, when Conrad Lorenz used associative learning on the baby ducks. He found out that the baby ducks imprinted on him and they belive that he is their mom. In a population, there needs to be enough resources for the environment and other species. Over time evolution occurs. The animals learn to adapt to the new environment. After a long period of time, if something darastic occurs and affects the production of the population. The animals that can't adapt will die. Those who survive will mate with others who can survive as well and their characteristics would change either physically or traits. The abiotic factors that affect the ecosystem can be the weather, drought, flood, forest fire, etc. They can affect the growth and expanision of a population. The biotic factors that affect the ecosystem can be factors such as other organisms inhabiting a particular territory and using up the resources. Another factor can be fertility rate. How an organism reproduce can affect the surplus of supplies. An ecosystem is made up of many organisms. It can not exist without the key stone animals. These key stone organisms affect the population. It serves as the base for a populated lush ecosystem.

Personal Wordle